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Nuclear energy remains the most capital-intensive energy source in the United States, with estimated costs ranging from to * U.S. dollars per kilowatt in 2025. This high investment requirement reflects the complex infrastructure and safety measures needed for nuclear power plants. Despite the high costs, nuclear energy plays a significant role in the U.S. energy sector, accounting for around ** percent of the country’s electricity generation in 2024.

Cost comparison of U.S. energy sources

While nuclear energy tops the list in capital costs, other energy sources present varying levels of investment. Offshore wind power, for instance, requires substantial upfront capital, with estimates ranging from to 6**** U.S. dollars per kilowatt. In contrast, utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems offer more affordable options, with capital costs between and U.S. dollars per kilowatt. These differences in capital costs contribute to the overall levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), which factors in lifetime expenses and energy production. Onshore wind energy and utility-scale solar PV boasted the lowest unsubsidized LCOE in the U.S. in 2025. 

Renewable energy trends in the United States

The U.S. energy landscape is evolving, and renewable energy supply has grown significantly owing to federal policies that have made it more affordable. The Biden administration has bolstered clean energy projects, resulting in solar PV accounting for ** percent of the total electricity capacity additions in 2024. The funds of the Inflation Reduction Act (2022) have also heavily boosted the domestic onshore and offshore wind sector. However, in 2025, the renewable energy sector was facing challenges under President Trump, who has called for revoking IRA investments and slowing the growth in the country’s wind generation capacity.