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Unauthorized immigrant population in the United States from 1990 to 2023, by estimating organization (in millions)

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Sources

Release date

February 2026

Region

United States

Survey time period

1990 to 2023

Supplementary notes

*The Pew Research Institute estimate for 2020 was not available. The value was duplicated from the year prior.

**The DHS estimate for 2021 was not available. The value was duplicated from the year prior.

Data and methodology of the Pew Research Institute can be found .

Data and methodology of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) can be found .

Citation formats

Number of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. 1990-2023, by estimation methodology

Published by ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Research Department, Feb 9, 2026

According to Pew Research Institute estimates, the population of unauthorized immigrants in the United States reached a record of ** million people in 2023. The most recent estimate from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for 2022 put this figure at just under ** million people. Among U.S. states, California was believed to have the largest population of residents without legal status.

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