Figures are estimates modeled by the Migration Policy Institute. They may differ from estimates from other sources, including estimates from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
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Unauthorized immigrant population in the U.S. 2023, by state
In 2023, California had the highest population of unauthorized immigrants, at around **** million. It was followed by Texas, with an unauthorized immigrant population nearing *** million. The Pew Research Institute estimated that the number of unauthorized immigrants nationwide reached 14 million that year.
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Migration Policy Institute. (October 14, 2025). Number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2023, by state [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/629682/state-populations-of-illegal-immigrants-in-the-united-states-2014/
Migration Policy Institute. "Number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2023, by state." Chart. October 14, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/629682/state-populations-of-illegal-immigrants-in-the-united-states-2014/
Migration Policy Institute. (2025). Number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2023, by state. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/629682/state-populations-of-illegal-immigrants-in-the-united-states-2014/
Migration Policy Institute. "Number of Unauthorized Immigrants in The United States in 2023, by State." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 14 Oct 2025, /statistics/629682/state-populations-of-illegal-immigrants-in-the-united-states-2014/
Migration Policy Institute, Number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2023, by state ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/629682/state-populations-of-illegal-immigrants-in-the-united-states-2014/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2023, by state [Graph], Migration Policy Institute, October 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/629682/state-populations-of-illegal-immigrants-in-the-united-states-2014/
