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Andalusia, with a total number of 8.7 million inhabitants, ranked first on the list of most populous autonomous communities in Spain as of January 1st, 2026. The least populated regions of Spain were the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, both with a population of under 90,000 inhabitants that year.

°Õ³ó±ðÌýpopulation of Spain has been increasing for many years after experiencing a downward trend between 2012 and 2015, and is projected to grow by nearly half a million by 2027.

The population of Spain is dying more than being born

Spain has one of the lowest fertility rates in the European Union, with barely 1.29 children per woman. According to the most recent data, more people died in Spain than were born in 2023, with figures reaching over 434,000 deaths versus 320,000 newborns.

Immigration countered this trend

One of the key points to balance out this population downtrend in Spain is immigration. Spain’s immigration figures finally started to pick up in 2015 after a downward trend that presumably initiated after the 2008 financial crisis. Nevertheless, the number of Spaniards who still migrate is a much larger number than before the crisis. According to the latest data, nationals aged between 25 and 34 years represented the largest bulk of emigrants.