As of 2023, China supplied 100 percent of the European Union (EU)'s heavy rare earth metals, including dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, and holmium. The country is also responsible for other notable critical mineral supply to the EU.
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European Commission. (December 31, 2023). Share of critical mineral supply to the European Union (EU) from China in 2023, by commodity [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/1660519/eu-critical-mineral-supply-share-from-china-by-commodity/
European Commission. "Share of critical mineral supply to the European Union (EU) from China in 2023, by commodity." Chart. December 31, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/1660519/eu-critical-mineral-supply-share-from-china-by-commodity/
European Commission. (2023). Share of critical mineral supply to the European Union (EU) from China in 2023, by commodity. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/1660519/eu-critical-mineral-supply-share-from-china-by-commodity/
European Commission. "Share of Critical Mineral Supply to The European Union (Eu) from China in 2023, by Commodity." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 31 Dec 2023, /statistics/1660519/eu-critical-mineral-supply-share-from-china-by-commodity/
European Commission, Share of critical mineral supply to the European Union (EU) from China in 2023, by commodity ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1660519/eu-critical-mineral-supply-share-from-china-by-commodity/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Share of critical mineral supply to the European Union (EU) from China in 2023, by commodity [Graph], European Commission, December 31, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1660519/eu-critical-mineral-supply-share-from-china-by-commodity/
