Data not available for Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, and Malta.
Research effort is the share of gross domestic product at market prices (GDP) devoted to domestic R&D expenditure (GERD). In other words, research effort is the GERD/GDP ratio.
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Share of research and development in the GDP of European Union countries 2022
The countries dedicating the largest share of their Gross Domestic Product to Research & Development in 2022 within the Union were Sweden and Belgium, with 3.41 percent of their GDP invested.
They were followed by Austria and Germany with 3.2 percent and 3.13 percent of their GDP invested in R&D, respectively. France invested 2.22 percent of its GDP in R&D, slightly more than the average of the European Union.
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Insee. (January 6, 2025). Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dedicated to R&D by European Union (EU) countries in 2022 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1641313/share-of-gdp-devoted-to-rd-in-the-eu/
Insee. "Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dedicated to R&D by European Union (EU) countries in 2022." Chart. January 6, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1641313/share-of-gdp-devoted-to-rd-in-the-eu/
Insee. (2025). Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dedicated to R&D by European Union (EU) countries in 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1641313/share-of-gdp-devoted-to-rd-in-the-eu/
Insee. "Share of Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) Dedicated to R&d by European Union (Eu) Countries in 2022." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 6 Jan 2025, /statistics/1641313/share-of-gdp-devoted-to-rd-in-the-eu/
Insee, Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dedicated to R&D by European Union (EU) countries in 2022 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1641313/share-of-gdp-devoted-to-rd-in-the-eu/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dedicated to R&D by European Union (EU) countries in 2022 [Graph], Insee, January 6, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1641313/share-of-gdp-devoted-to-rd-in-the-eu/
