This statistic presents the annual public debt of European Union countries as a share of their gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023. Greece was the most indebted country in the EU, followed by Italy and France, with annual national debts exceeding *** percent of their GDP.
For more information, you can also consult our statistic on the annual variation of public and private debt in France.
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Insee. (July 30, 2024). Annual public debt of the countries of the European Union in 2023 (as a share of gross domestic product) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 04, 2026, from /statistics/1629942/annual-public-debt-of-the-countries-of-the-european-union/
Insee. "Annual public debt of the countries of the European Union in 2023 (as a share of gross domestic product)." Chart. July 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 04, 2026. /statistics/1629942/annual-public-debt-of-the-countries-of-the-european-union/
Insee. (2024). Annual public debt of the countries of the European Union in 2023 (as a share of gross domestic product). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 04, 2026. /statistics/1629942/annual-public-debt-of-the-countries-of-the-european-union/
Insee. "Annual Public Debt of The Countries of The European Union in 2023 (as a Share of Gross Domestic Product)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Jul 2024, /statistics/1629942/annual-public-debt-of-the-countries-of-the-european-union/
Insee, Annual public debt of the countries of the European Union in 2023 (as a share of gross domestic product) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1629942/annual-public-debt-of-the-countries-of-the-european-union/ (last visited August 04, 2026)
Annual public debt of the countries of the European Union in 2023 (as a share of gross domestic product) [Graph], Insee, July 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1629942/annual-public-debt-of-the-countries-of-the-european-union/
