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In 2020, on average, the member countries of the European Union (EU) were slightly more energy dependent than in 2000. Malta, Cyprus, and Luxembourg, the three most energy-dependent EU countries, slightly reduced their energy dependence between 2000 and 2020 but remain highly dependent. That is to say, Malta had to import **** percent of the energy it consumed in 2020. The most energy-independent EU country in 2020 was Estonia. Denmark, which in 2000 enjoyed total energy independence and was even a net energy exporter, became dependent on nearly ** percent of its total consumption in 2020.

To meet its energy needs, the European Union must import many resources from foreign countries. Russia was the main supplier of gas for Europe.