In 2022, a survey conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights found that 36 percent of people of African descent in selected EU countries had experienced discrimination.
The job market is a good example of this, with almost a third of employed respondents of African descent having a temporary contract — a share three times higher than that of the general population across the EU.
Job security is a key factor influencing well-being and the risk of poverty, with temporary contracts being a more insecure form of employment than permanent ones.
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Fundamental Rights Agency. (October 22, 2023). Percentage of African-descent and general population that are under a temporary work contract in selected European countries in 2022 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from /statistics/1625066/share-african-descent-with-temporary-employment-europe/
Fundamental Rights Agency. "Percentage of African-descent and general population that are under a temporary work contract in selected European countries in 2022." Chart. October 22, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 27, 2026. /statistics/1625066/share-african-descent-with-temporary-employment-europe/
Fundamental Rights Agency. (2023). Percentage of African-descent and general population that are under a temporary work contract in selected European countries in 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 27, 2026. /statistics/1625066/share-african-descent-with-temporary-employment-europe/
Fundamental Rights Agency. "Percentage of African-descent and General Population That Are under a Temporary Work Contract in Selected European Countries in 2022." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 22 Oct 2023, /statistics/1625066/share-african-descent-with-temporary-employment-europe/
Fundamental Rights Agency, Percentage of African-descent and general population that are under a temporary work contract in selected European countries in 2022 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1625066/share-african-descent-with-temporary-employment-europe/ (last visited July 27, 2026)
Percentage of African-descent and general population that are under a temporary work contract in selected European countries in 2022 [Graph], Fundamental Rights Agency, October 22, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1625066/share-african-descent-with-temporary-employment-europe/
