Estimated overnight capital costs of utility-scale batteries in the United States in 2024, with forecasts for 2035, by category
(in U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour)
Characteristic
Profit
EPC overhead
Contingency
Sales tax
Permitting & interconnection
Installation labor
EBOS
SBOS
Bi-directional inverter
Li-ion battery cabinets
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The estimated overnight capital costs of utility-scale batteries installed in the United States in 2024 were around *** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, with the cost of lithium-ion battery cabinet installations making up over ** percent of this figure. By 2035, utility-scale batteries' capital costs were projected to drop to *** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour.
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NREL. (September 16, 2025). Estimated overnight capital costs of utility-scale batteries in the United States in 2024, with forecasts for 2035, by category (in U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1624857/utility-scale-battery-capital-cost-united-states-forecast/
NREL. "Estimated overnight capital costs of utility-scale batteries in the United States in 2024, with forecasts for 2035, by category (in U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour)." Chart. September 16, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1624857/utility-scale-battery-capital-cost-united-states-forecast/
NREL. (2025). Estimated overnight capital costs of utility-scale batteries in the United States in 2024, with forecasts for 2035, by category (in U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1624857/utility-scale-battery-capital-cost-united-states-forecast/
NREL. "Estimated Overnight Capital Costs of Utility-scale Batteries in The United States in 2024, with Forecasts for 2035, by Category (in U.S. Dollars per Kilowatt-hour)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 16 Sep 2025, /statistics/1624857/utility-scale-battery-capital-cost-united-states-forecast/
NREL, Estimated overnight capital costs of utility-scale batteries in the United States in 2024, with forecasts for 2035, by category (in U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1624857/utility-scale-battery-capital-cost-united-states-forecast/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Estimated overnight capital costs of utility-scale batteries in the United States in 2024, with forecasts for 2035, by category (in U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour) [Graph], NREL, September 16, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1624857/utility-scale-battery-capital-cost-united-states-forecast/
