In fiscal year 2023, refrigeration and air conditioning equipment caused around **** thousand kilotons of carbon dioxide equivalent of hydrofluorocarbons emissions in Japan. HFCs represent the most common fluorinated greenhouse gases, also known as F-gases.
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National Institute for Environmental Studies. (April 25, 2025). Volume of hydrofluorocarbons emissions in Japan in 2023, by cause (in kilotons of COâ‚‚ equivalent) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1551540/japan-amount-hfc-emissions-by-cause/
National Institute for Environmental Studies. "Volume of hydrofluorocarbons emissions in Japan in 2023, by cause (in kilotons of COâ‚‚ equivalent)." Chart. April 25, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1551540/japan-amount-hfc-emissions-by-cause/
National Institute for Environmental Studies. (2025). Volume of hydrofluorocarbons emissions in Japan in 2023, by cause (in kilotons of COâ‚‚ equivalent). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1551540/japan-amount-hfc-emissions-by-cause/
National Institute for Environmental Studies. "Volume of Hydrofluorocarbons Emissions in Japan in 2023, by Cause (in Kilotons of Coâ‚‚ Equivalent)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 25 Apr 2025, /statistics/1551540/japan-amount-hfc-emissions-by-cause/
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Volume of hydrofluorocarbons emissions in Japan in 2023, by cause (in kilotons of COâ‚‚ equivalent) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1551540/japan-amount-hfc-emissions-by-cause/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Volume of hydrofluorocarbons emissions in Japan in 2023, by cause (in kilotons of COâ‚‚ equivalent) [Graph], National Institute for Environmental Studies, April 25, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1551540/japan-amount-hfc-emissions-by-cause/
