Europe is heavily reliant on imports to meet its domestic demands for several key clean technologies. This is particularly the case for solar PV and batteries. In 2023, Europe's demand for battery cells was *** gigawatt-hours, compared to its production capacity of ** GWh. Meanwhile, solar PV module demand in 2023 was ** GW compared to ** GW production capacity. However, Europe is less reliant on imports to meet its full demand for wind technologies and electrolyzers.
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IEA. (October 30, 2024). Production and demand of key clean technologies in Europe in 2023, by type [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 18, 2026, from /statistics/1536332/eu-production-demand-clean-technologies/
IEA. "Production and demand of key clean technologies in Europe in 2023, by type." Chart. October 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 18, 2026. /statistics/1536332/eu-production-demand-clean-technologies/
IEA. (2024). Production and demand of key clean technologies in Europe in 2023, by type. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 18, 2026. /statistics/1536332/eu-production-demand-clean-technologies/
IEA. "Production and Demand of Key Clean Technologies in Europe in 2023, by Type." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Oct 2024, /statistics/1536332/eu-production-demand-clean-technologies/
IEA, Production and demand of key clean technologies in Europe in 2023, by type ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1536332/eu-production-demand-clean-technologies/ (last visited July 18, 2026)
Production and demand of key clean technologies in Europe in 2023, by type [Graph], IEA, October 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1536332/eu-production-demand-clean-technologies/
