When analyzing the proportions of one-time versus repeat backers, notable differences emerge across models and regions. In 2022, the majority of backers on investment platforms were repeat investors, comprising **** percent of equity investors and **** percent of investor-lenders. In contrast, non-investment models saw **** percent of backers being first-time participants, with only **** percent being repeat backers.
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Universitetet i Agder, & CrowdSpace. (February 5, 2024). Distribution of repeat and one-time crowdfunding backers in Europe in 2022, by model and region [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1488108/europe-repeat-crowdfunding-backers-by-region/
Universitetet i Agder, und CrowdSpace. "Distribution of repeat and one-time crowdfunding backers in Europe in 2022, by model and region." Chart. February 5, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1488108/europe-repeat-crowdfunding-backers-by-region/
Universitetet i Agder, CrowdSpace. (2024). Distribution of repeat and one-time crowdfunding backers in Europe in 2022, by model and region. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1488108/europe-repeat-crowdfunding-backers-by-region/
Universitetet i Agder, and CrowdSpace. "Distribution of Repeat and One-time Crowdfunding Backers in Europe in 2022, by Model and Region." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 5 Feb 2024, /statistics/1488108/europe-repeat-crowdfunding-backers-by-region/
Universitetet i Agder & CrowdSpace, Distribution of repeat and one-time crowdfunding backers in Europe in 2022, by model and region ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1488108/europe-repeat-crowdfunding-backers-by-region/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Distribution of repeat and one-time crowdfunding backers in Europe in 2022, by model and region [Graph], Universitetet i Agder, & CrowdSpace, February 5, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1488108/europe-repeat-crowdfunding-backers-by-region/
