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From school years ** to **, K-12 school shootings which occurred outside of the school building were most likely to be a dispute or grievance related in the United States, at ** percent. A dispute or grievance between the victim and the shooter may include situations such as an escalation of an argument or retaliation for bullying. In comparison, ** percent of school shootings which occurred inside the school building were accidental while ** percent were school-targeted, meaning the shooting was generally targeted towards school staff or students on school premises, but without a specific victim.

The source defines a school shooting as 'any time a gun is fired on school grounds, on a school bus, or during a school event - during school hours or a school event or immediately before or after school hours or school event - including all incidents that meet the criteria above, including accidents and suicides, regardless of intent.'