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As of October 2025, the global landscape of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) largely featured the Middle East. Despite not ranking among the largest global state-owned investors (SOIs), the Middle East was home to eight of the top ***SWFs worldwide. The ** SWF was the Norway Government Pension Fund Global, managing assets over ****trillion U.S. dollars. Asia also played a prominent role in the global SWF landscape. Eight of the world's leading 20 SWFs were domiciled in Asia, the ** of which was the China Investment Corporation.

What are sovereign wealth funds?

Sovereign wealth funds are state-owned and are comprised of a wide array of financial assets including stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, and other financial instruments. In the main, sovereign wealth funds are funded by foreign-exchange reserves, assets that are held by monetary authorities or central banks in the form of U.S. dollars and other leading world currencies as a way of backing liabilities.

Who holds the SWF?

A state’s central bank will generally hold the sovereign wealth fund; in the process of its management of a nation's funds or banking system funds will be accumulated. These types of state funds are of major economic and fiscal importance and may be implemented for different objectives: to protect the economy against sudden shocks, hedge against the problem of an aging population, or foster socio-economic development.