In 2023, energy intensity per unit of GDP decreased in all presented Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries except Belarus and North Macedonia. Romania recorded the lowest energy intensity at **** megajoules per U.S. dollar of gross domestic product (GDP). In comparison, Russia's primary energy intensity was the highest, with a consumption of **** megajoules per unit of GDP.
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Energy Institute. (December 30, 2024). Primary energy intensity per GDP in selected Central and Eastern European countries from 1990 to 2023 (in megajoules per U.S. dollar of GDP) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1462945/cee-energy-intensity-per-gdp-2022-by-country/
Energy Institute. "Primary energy intensity per GDP in selected Central and Eastern European countries from 1990 to 2023 (in megajoules per U.S. dollar of GDP)." Chart. December 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1462945/cee-energy-intensity-per-gdp-2022-by-country/
Energy Institute. (2024). Primary energy intensity per GDP in selected Central and Eastern European countries from 1990 to 2023 (in megajoules per U.S. dollar of GDP). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1462945/cee-energy-intensity-per-gdp-2022-by-country/
Energy Institute. "Primary Energy Intensity per Gdp in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries from 1990 to 2023 (in Megajoules per U.S. Dollar of Gdp)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Dec 2024, /statistics/1462945/cee-energy-intensity-per-gdp-2022-by-country/
Energy Institute, Primary energy intensity per GDP in selected Central and Eastern European countries from 1990 to 2023 (in megajoules per U.S. dollar of GDP) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1462945/cee-energy-intensity-per-gdp-2022-by-country/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Primary energy intensity per GDP in selected Central and Eastern European countries from 1990 to 2023 (in megajoules per U.S. dollar of GDP) [Graph], Energy Institute, December 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1462945/cee-energy-intensity-per-gdp-2022-by-country/
