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Approximately half of all tax revenues were generated by taxes on labor in the European Union in 2023, with an additional **** percent coming from consumption taxes, and around ** coming from taxes on capital. Sweden, Germany, and Austria were the European countries which generated the greatest revenue from labor taxes, with these countries being prime exemplars of traditional European welfare states which apply highly progressive taxes - i.e. the more income a person earns, the higher the tax bracket they are in - to labor income in order to be able to fund transfers and social services.

At the other end of the scale are countries such as Croatia and Bulgaria, which generate the most of their revenues from consumption taxes. These countries tend to have lower rates of income taxation on their citizens and less robust systems of social welfare, therefore, the government funds its activities more from taxes on the consumption of goods and services.