The calculation of the substitution effect includes scope 3 lifecycle emissions but does not include calorie consumption during usage.
*Average emission calculation based on ICCT data.
**Average emission calculation based on rail and bus emission data from Berlin-Brandenburg and the UK department for Business, Energy & Industrial Startegy.
***Average emission calculation based on the lifecycle emissions of the Bolt 6th generation e-scooter, assuming the Berlin energy mix.
**** Average emission calculation based on a study by Fraunhofer Institute.
Citation formats
COâ‚‚e emission impacts of e-scooter use by substituted mode 2022
E-scooter users can reduce their CO2e impact most by replacing a trip by private car with a trip by e-scooter. This substitution leads to a reduction in CO2e emissions per passenger kilometer of **** grams. However, replacing a walking or cycling trip will lead to an increase in emissions of **** and *** grams, respectively.
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Oliver Wyman. (November 10, 2023). Carbon dioxide equivalent emission impacts of e-scooter use in 2022, by substituted mode (in grams of COâ‚‚e/passenger kilometer) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1447091/co2e-emission-impacts-e-scooter-substitution-of-other-modes/
Oliver Wyman. "Carbon dioxide equivalent emission impacts of e-scooter use in 2022, by substituted mode (in grams of COâ‚‚e/passenger kilometer)." Chart. November 10, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1447091/co2e-emission-impacts-e-scooter-substitution-of-other-modes/
Oliver Wyman. (2023). Carbon dioxide equivalent emission impacts of e-scooter use in 2022, by substituted mode (in grams of COâ‚‚e/passenger kilometer). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1447091/co2e-emission-impacts-e-scooter-substitution-of-other-modes/
Oliver Wyman. "Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emission Impacts of E-scooter Use in 2022, by Substituted Mode (in Grams of Coâ‚‚e/Passenger Kilometer)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 10 Nov 2023, /statistics/1447091/co2e-emission-impacts-e-scooter-substitution-of-other-modes/
Oliver Wyman, Carbon dioxide equivalent emission impacts of e-scooter use in 2022, by substituted mode (in grams of COâ‚‚e/passenger kilometer) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1447091/co2e-emission-impacts-e-scooter-substitution-of-other-modes/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Carbon dioxide equivalent emission impacts of e-scooter use in 2022, by substituted mode (in grams of COâ‚‚e/passenger kilometer) [Graph], Oliver Wyman, November 10, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1447091/co2e-emission-impacts-e-scooter-substitution-of-other-modes/
