Average carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions intensity of steel production worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by production route
(in metric tons of COâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel)
Characteristic
2021
2022
2023
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*Data concerning global crude steel production using DRI is not currently collected, the denominator in this calculation is therefore calculated by the worldsteel data management team based on information contained in worldsteel’s collective databases.
BF-BOF = Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace Scrap-EAF = Electric Arc Furnace Process DRI-EAF = Direct Reduced Iron-based electric arc furnace process
Citation formats
Global COâ‚‚ emissions intensity of steel production 2021-2023, by production route
The global average carbon dioxide emissions intensity of steel production in 2023 was **** metric tons of carbon dioxide (tCOâ‚‚) per metric ton of crude steel cast. The production route with the highest emissions intensity is blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF), which produced **** tCOâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel cast in 2023. By comparison, scrap-based electric arc furnace process (Scrap-EAF) emitted *** tCOâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel cast.
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World Steel Association. (November 12, 2024). Average carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions intensity of steel production worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by production route (in metric tons of COâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 21, 2026, from /statistics/1446819/steel-emissions-intensity-by-production-route/
World Steel Association. "Average carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions intensity of steel production worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by production route (in metric tons of COâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel)." Chart. November 12, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 21, 2026. /statistics/1446819/steel-emissions-intensity-by-production-route/
World Steel Association. (2024). Average carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions intensity of steel production worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by production route (in metric tons of COâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 21, 2026. /statistics/1446819/steel-emissions-intensity-by-production-route/
World Steel Association. "Average Carbon Dioxide (Coâ‚‚) Emissions Intensity of Steel Production Worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by Production Route (in Metric Tons of Coâ‚‚ per Metric Ton of Crude Steel)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 12 Nov 2024, /statistics/1446819/steel-emissions-intensity-by-production-route/
World Steel Association, Average carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions intensity of steel production worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by production route (in metric tons of COâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1446819/steel-emissions-intensity-by-production-route/ (last visited July 21, 2026)
Average carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions intensity of steel production worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by production route (in metric tons of COâ‚‚ per metric ton of crude steel) [Graph], World Steel Association, November 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1446819/steel-emissions-intensity-by-production-route/
