In 2023, more people in European Union countries considered the People's Republic of China as an ally or necessary partner than viewed the country as a rival or enemy. Bulgaria and Hungary were the member states with the most positive attitude towards China, with a majority in both cases seeing the East Asian superpower as a necessary partner. On the other hand, ** percent of respondents in Sweden see China as either a rival or enemy, the most of any EU country.
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ECFR. (June 1, 2023). European citizens' view of what China is in relation to Europe in 2023, by member state [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 24, 2026, from /statistics/1417733/eu-china-relations-public-opinion-enemy-ally/
ECFR. "European citizens' view of what China is in relation to Europe in 2023, by member state." Chart. June 1, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 24, 2026. /statistics/1417733/eu-china-relations-public-opinion-enemy-ally/
ECFR. (2023). European citizens' view of what China is in relation to Europe in 2023, by member state. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 24, 2026. /statistics/1417733/eu-china-relations-public-opinion-enemy-ally/
ECFR. "European Citizens' View of What China Is in Relation to Europe in 2023, by Member State." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 1 Jun 2023, /statistics/1417733/eu-china-relations-public-opinion-enemy-ally/
ECFR, European citizens' view of what China is in relation to Europe in 2023, by member state ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1417733/eu-china-relations-public-opinion-enemy-ally/ (last visited July 24, 2026)
European citizens' view of what China is in relation to Europe in 2023, by member state [Graph], ECFR, June 1, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1417733/eu-china-relations-public-opinion-enemy-ally/
