In France, the proportion of employees who belong to a trade union varies greatly depending on whether the employee works in the public or private sector, but also according to gender. Thus, in 2019, **** percent of men in the public sector were union members, four points higher than women in the same sector. While union membership was much lower in the private sector, the gender gap was also smaller.
In France, the , at its peak in 1949, has been gradually declining.
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DARES. (December 21, 2021). Proportion of public and private sector employees affiliated to a trade union organization in metropolitan France in 2019, by gender [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1358561/unionization-rate-employees-france-sector-gender/
DARES. "Proportion of public and private sector employees affiliated to a trade union organization in metropolitan France in 2019, by gender." Chart. December 21, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1358561/unionization-rate-employees-france-sector-gender/
DARES. (2021). Proportion of public and private sector employees affiliated to a trade union organization in metropolitan France in 2019, by gender. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1358561/unionization-rate-employees-france-sector-gender/
DARES. "Proportion of Public and Private Sector Employees Affiliated to a Trade Union Organization in Metropolitan France in 2019, by Gender." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 21 Dec 2021, /statistics/1358561/unionization-rate-employees-france-sector-gender/
DARES, Proportion of public and private sector employees affiliated to a trade union organization in metropolitan France in 2019, by gender ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1358561/unionization-rate-employees-france-sector-gender/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Proportion of public and private sector employees affiliated to a trade union organization in metropolitan France in 2019, by gender [Graph], DARES, December 21, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1358561/unionization-rate-employees-france-sector-gender/
