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The country with the largest share of its commercial electrical energy produced by one company in the European Union was Cyprus, as of 2020. The Electricity Authority of Cyprus is the country's dominant energy provider, as it had a government sanctioned monopoly on energy production until 2021, however, as of January 1^st 2021, private competitors have been allowed to compete in the country's energy market. Other significant dominant firms in the EU include France's Électricité de France (EDF), a nationalized firm significant for also being one of the largest energy companies in the United Kingdom, as well as being the dominant firm in France's electricity market.
The dominant position of companies in the energy sector is unusual compared with other industries, where competition law usually prohibits firms from being dominant to such an extent. This is because energy firms are often considered natural monopolies, due to high entry costs and strong economies of scale. Because of this characteristic of energy markets, many countries have chosen to nationalize their energy and electricity infrastructure, such as is the case with the Electricity Authority of Cyprus and EDF.