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Bełchatów Power Station is the world's most polluting power plant. The coal-fired power plant in Rogowiec, Poland emitted roughly ** million metric tons of carbon dioxide (MtCO₂) in 2018 - an increase of almost ** percent compared with 2009 levels. Bełchatów, which is owned by state-controlled utility PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna SA, is set to close by 2036. Taichung Power Plant in Taiwan was the biggest emitter in 2009, but its emissions had fallen ** percent by 2018 to ** MtCO₂. All of the most polluting power plants worldwide are coal-fired.

Although China is by far the largest emitter from coal combustion, only one of the most polluting power plants was within its borders in 2018. Despite being the world's third largest emitter from coal combustion, no U.S. power plants were included in the ten most polluting facilities in 2009 and 2018.