The source adds the following supplementary note: "Results are reported for the ‘EU shipping industry’ in 2018, which is defined as the industry within the 28 EU member states including the United Kingdom, plus Norway."
Citation formats
Direct GVA contribution to GDP of the EU shipping industry by sub-sector 2018
In 2018, the shipping industry of the European Union (EU-28) contributed a direct gross value added (GVA) to the EU's GDP of about **** billion euros. The freight transport sub-sector added most of this value - some **** billion euros.
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ECSA. (November 20, 2020). Direct gross value added (GVA) to GDP of the European Union's (EU-28) shipping industry in 2018, by sub-sector (in million euros) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1313304/gva-contribution-to-gdp-eu-shipping-industry/
ECSA. "Direct gross value added (GVA) to GDP of the European Union's (EU-28) shipping industry in 2018, by sub-sector (in million euros)." Chart. November 20, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1313304/gva-contribution-to-gdp-eu-shipping-industry/
ECSA. (2020). Direct gross value added (GVA) to GDP of the European Union's (EU-28) shipping industry in 2018, by sub-sector (in million euros). ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1313304/gva-contribution-to-gdp-eu-shipping-industry/
ECSA. "Direct Gross Value Added (Gva) to Gdp of The European Union's (Eu-28) Shipping Industry in 2018, by Sub-sector (in Million Euros)." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 20 Nov 2020, /statistics/1313304/gva-contribution-to-gdp-eu-shipping-industry/
ECSA, Direct gross value added (GVA) to GDP of the European Union's (EU-28) shipping industry in 2018, by sub-sector (in million euros) ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/1313304/gva-contribution-to-gdp-eu-shipping-industry/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Direct gross value added (GVA) to GDP of the European Union's (EU-28) shipping industry in 2018, by sub-sector (in million euros) [Graph], ECSA, November 20, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1313304/gva-contribution-to-gdp-eu-shipping-industry/