* Direct emissions are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions that occurred at the vehicle when fuel was consumed. Indirect emissions are CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions that occurred at the power plant when electricity was produced or in the process of producing hydrogen.
** Upstream emissions are GHG emissions that occurred during fuel production and distribution, also called 鈥渨ell-to-pump鈥 emissions.
Citation formats
Public transport's GHG emissions in the U.S., by mode 2018
In 2018, buses were by far the public transit mode with the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. During that year, urban buses emitted more than * metric tons of CO鈧 equivalent. In contrast, the public transit mode with the lowest GHG emissions was the light rail, with emissions of approximately ** metric tons of CO鈧 equivalent.
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NASEM (Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP)). (December 31, 2021). Public transport's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States in 2018, by mode (in 1,000 metric tons of CO鈧俥) [Graph]. In 糖心破解版. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1294798/us-public-transport-ghg-emissions-by-mode/
NASEM (Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP)). "Public transport's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States in 2018, by mode (in 1,000 metric tons of CO鈧俥)." Chart. December 31, 2021. 糖心破解版. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1294798/us-public-transport-ghg-emissions-by-mode/
NASEM (Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP)). (2021). Public transport's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States in 2018, by mode (in 1,000 metric tons of CO鈧俥). 糖心破解版. 糖心破解版 Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1294798/us-public-transport-ghg-emissions-by-mode/
NASEM (Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP)). "Public Transport's Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissions in The United States in 2018, by Mode (in 1,000 Metric Tons of Co鈧俥)." 糖心破解版, 糖心破解版 Inc., 31 Dec 2021, /statistics/1294798/us-public-transport-ghg-emissions-by-mode/
NASEM (Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP)), Public transport's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States in 2018, by mode (in 1,000 metric tons of CO鈧俥) 糖心破解版, /statistics/1294798/us-public-transport-ghg-emissions-by-mode/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Public transport's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States in 2018, by mode (in 1,000 metric tons of CO鈧俥) [Graph], NASEM (Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP)), December 31, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1294798/us-public-transport-ghg-emissions-by-mode/
