* Estimated U.S. net prices reflect confidential rebates and other price concessions, information on such discounts was not publicly available for the comparison countries. Thus, the actual differences between U.S. prices and those of the other countries were likely larger than GAO estimates in this statistic.
The analysis was based on 20 brand-name, single-source prescription drugs that were among those with the highest total expenditures and use in the U.S. Medicare Part D program in 2017 and included on the formularies of all three selected comparison countries in 2020.
Prices for selected comparison countries—Australia, Canada (Ontario), and France—were prices listed on their respective public formularies from January 2020 and were converted to U.S. dollars at the relevant monthly Federal Reserve rates.
Net prices at the manufacturer level are the final amounts a manufacturer receives from all payers, such as wholesalers or retail chains, less rebates and other price concessions the manufacturer pays.
Citation formats
U.S. drug prices at manufacturer level compared to other countries by multiplier 2020
As of 2020, the estimated U.S. net prices for a selected group of 20 brand-name, single-source prescription drugs were over 4 times higher than gross prices paid at the manufacturer level in Australia and France. U.S. prices were also 2.7 times higher than gross prices paid in Canada (Ontario). This is similar to the price comparison at the retail level.
This statistic shows selected drugs' net prices in the United States compared to gross prices in Australia, Canada, and France at the manufacturer level as of 2020.
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GAO. (March 29, 2021). U.S. net prices compared to gross prices in Australia, Canada, and France for selected drugs at manufacturer level as of 2020, by multiplier* [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1237325/us-drug-prices-comparison-with-other-countries-at-manufacturer-level/
GAO. "U.S. net prices compared to gross prices in Australia, Canada, and France for selected drugs at manufacturer level as of 2020, by multiplier*." Chart. March 29, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1237325/us-drug-prices-comparison-with-other-countries-at-manufacturer-level/
GAO. (2021). U.S. net prices compared to gross prices in Australia, Canada, and France for selected drugs at manufacturer level as of 2020, by multiplier*. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1237325/us-drug-prices-comparison-with-other-countries-at-manufacturer-level/
GAO. "U.S. Net Prices Compared to Gross Prices in Australia, Canada, and France for Selected Drugs at Manufacturer Level as of 2020, by Multiplier*." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 29 Mar 2021, /statistics/1237325/us-drug-prices-comparison-with-other-countries-at-manufacturer-level/
GAO, U.S. net prices compared to gross prices in Australia, Canada, and France for selected drugs at manufacturer level as of 2020, by multiplier* ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/1237325/us-drug-prices-comparison-with-other-countries-at-manufacturer-level/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
U.S. net prices compared to gross prices in Australia, Canada, and France for selected drugs at manufacturer level as of 2020, by multiplier* [Graph], GAO, March 29, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1237325/us-drug-prices-comparison-with-other-countries-at-manufacturer-level/