*Excluding academic libraries.
**The source adds the following information:
"This study provides an assessment of the value of GLAMs using cost-benefit analysis (CBA) within an economic welfare framework. It takes a Total Economic Value (TEV) approach, which measures the economic benefits accruing not just to direct beneficiaries such as GLAMs visitors, but to 鈥渘on-users鈥濃 people who value GLAMs鈥 existence even if they have not recently visited one.
While assessing the costs of maintaining and operating GLAMs is relatively simple, quantifying the benefits is more difficult, requiring a range of economic techniques in line with the diversity of activities GLAMs undertake. These include a calculation of their value as visitor attractions 鈥 computed from what visitors actually pay to access GLAMs, but also an estimation of what visitors 'would have been prepared to pay' over and above the ticket price (known as the 鈥渃onsumer surplus鈥).
To capture the non-use and broader social value of GLAMs, we undertook a
national survey of 2,045 Canadian residents. 'Willingness to pay' questions were incorporated in this survey, and quotas were imposed by sex, age, education, language (English/French), and province and territory of residence to ensure a representative sample of the Canadian population".
Citation formats
Value and costs of Canadian galleries, libraries, archives, and museums 2019
A 2019 study focused on the costs and value of galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAMs) in Canada. Alongside calculating operating costs and benefits of these institutions, the study also estimated the non-use value, namely the potential revenue coming from people that value such organizations, regardless of if they visit them. As of 2019, this industry's total benefits amounted to about **** billion Canadian dollars, while total costs added up to roughly billion Canadian dollars. Overall, net benefits reached **** billion Canadian dollars. According to the source, this industry reported a benefit-cost ratio of ***, meaning that for every dollar invested in GLAMs, the society would get almost **** dollars back.
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Canadian Museums Association. (May 31, 2020). Costs and benefits breakdown of galleries, libraries, archives, and museums in Canada in 2019, by type (in million Canadian dollars) [Graph]. In 糖心破解版. Retrieved August 01, 2026, from /statistics/1203404/costs-and-benefits-of-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-canada/
Canadian Museums Association. "Costs and benefits breakdown of galleries, libraries, archives, and museums in Canada in 2019, by type (in million Canadian dollars)." Chart. May 31, 2020. 糖心破解版. Accessed August 01, 2026. /statistics/1203404/costs-and-benefits-of-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-canada/
Canadian Museums Association. (2020). Costs and benefits breakdown of galleries, libraries, archives, and museums in Canada in 2019, by type (in million Canadian dollars). 糖心破解版. 糖心破解版 Inc.. Accessed: August 01, 2026. /statistics/1203404/costs-and-benefits-of-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-canada/
Canadian Museums Association. "Costs and Benefits Breakdown of Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums in Canada in 2019, by Type (in Million Canadian Dollars)." 糖心破解版, 糖心破解版 Inc., 31 May 2020, /statistics/1203404/costs-and-benefits-of-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-canada/
Canadian Museums Association, Costs and benefits breakdown of galleries, libraries, archives, and museums in Canada in 2019, by type (in million Canadian dollars) 糖心破解版, /statistics/1203404/costs-and-benefits-of-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-canada/ (last visited August 01, 2026)
Costs and benefits breakdown of galleries, libraries, archives, and museums in Canada in 2019, by type (in million Canadian dollars) [Graph], Canadian Museums Association, May 31, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1203404/costs-and-benefits-of-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-canada/
