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Among the three safe drinking water options that were available in India as of November 2019, bottled water caused the maximum environmental damage by releasing kilograms of CO₂ equivalent gas for producing ** cubic meters of water. Bottled water production emitted more than ** times the volume of gas than that was emitted by the water purifier, which utilized reverse osmosis technology. For uniformity of comparison, ** cubic meters of water was chosen as the functional unit, as this volume was supposed to be provided by the chosen water purifier over its life span which was about **** years.

The study used the set-up that was supposed to be used in an urban Indian household. Also, the study considered ** percent of the aspects from the raw material production stage to the disposal stage. The major reason for bottled water causing the largest pollution was fueled because of the production of bottles and caps. Boiled water caused environmental pollution due to the production and use of liquified petroleum gas. For water purifiers, the raw materials and the manufacturing of the main unit and consumables were major reasons associated with climate change.