As of 2019, to produce * kilograms of safe drinking water in India, a reverse osmosis device consumed * kilograms of water, thereby consuming the maximum amount of water. It was also found that water boiled at home using the conventional method of a covered pot, required the minimum amount of tap water to convert it into safe drinking water. The use of a covered pot made evaporation losses minimal. A reverse osmosis type water purifier required **** liters of tap water to produce *** liter of safe drinking water, hence leading to high consumption of tap water. However, the study also found that in general the total water consumption by reverse osmosis device is lower than that of bottled water.
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MDPI. (November 7, 2019). Volume of water needed to produce 20 cubic meters of safe drinking water in India in 2019, by purification type (in kilograms) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 05, 2026, from /statistics/1112710/india-volume-of-water-needed-to-produce-20-cubic-meters-of-safe-drinking-water/
MDPI. "Volume of water needed to produce 20 cubic meters of safe drinking water in India in 2019, by purification type (in kilograms)." Chart. November 7, 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 05, 2026. /statistics/1112710/india-volume-of-water-needed-to-produce-20-cubic-meters-of-safe-drinking-water/
MDPI. (2019). Volume of water needed to produce 20 cubic meters of safe drinking water in India in 2019, by purification type (in kilograms). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 05, 2026. /statistics/1112710/india-volume-of-water-needed-to-produce-20-cubic-meters-of-safe-drinking-water/
MDPI. "Volume of Water Needed to Produce 20 Cubic Meters of Safe Drinking Water in India in 2019, by Purification Type (in Kilograms)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 7 Nov 2019, /statistics/1112710/india-volume-of-water-needed-to-produce-20-cubic-meters-of-safe-drinking-water/
MDPI, Volume of water needed to produce 20 cubic meters of safe drinking water in India in 2019, by purification type (in kilograms) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1112710/india-volume-of-water-needed-to-produce-20-cubic-meters-of-safe-drinking-water/ (last visited August 05, 2026)
Volume of water needed to produce 20 cubic meters of safe drinking water in India in 2019, by purification type (in kilograms) [Graph], MDPI, November 7, 2019. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1112710/india-volume-of-water-needed-to-produce-20-cubic-meters-of-safe-drinking-water/
