In 2023, the expenditure of the Italian government on university education amounted to *** percent of the GDP. It was significantly below the European Union spending on tertiary education, which consisted of *** percent of the Gross Domestic Product. In the same year, the country invested ** billion euros for financing the whole education system.
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Eurostat. (April 23, 2025). Public expenditure on university education as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Italy and in the European Union in 2023 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 05, 2026, from /statistics/1089535/expenditure-on-university-education-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-in-italy/
Eurostat. "Public expenditure on university education as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Italy and in the European Union in 2023." Chart. April 23, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 05, 2026. /statistics/1089535/expenditure-on-university-education-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-in-italy/
Eurostat. (2025). Public expenditure on university education as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Italy and in the European Union in 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 05, 2026. /statistics/1089535/expenditure-on-university-education-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-in-italy/
Eurostat. "Public Expenditure on University Education as a Percentage of The Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) in Italy and in The European Union in 2023." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 23 Apr 2025, /statistics/1089535/expenditure-on-university-education-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-in-italy/
Eurostat, Public expenditure on university education as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Italy and in the European Union in 2023 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1089535/expenditure-on-university-education-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-in-italy/ (last visited August 05, 2026)
Public expenditure on university education as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Italy and in the European Union in 2023 [Graph], Eurostat, April 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1089535/expenditure-on-university-education-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-in-italy/
