* Non-tenured instructor with a specific expertise in one discipline, hired exclusively to teach for an academic year. The "professore a contratto鈥, is not part of the university's regular staff, and receives a salary only for teaching, although he or she performs several tasks similar to those of tenured professors, such as organizing examinations, supervising dissertations, participating in conferences, and managing research projects. These responsibilities are generally unpaid.
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University teaching staff in Italy 2023, by rank and gender
In 2023, * full professors were working in Italian universities. However, women holding a full professorship were only . Moreover, ** percent of associate professors and ** percent of temporary researchers were men. Instead, there were female postdocs compared to 尘别苍.听Professori a contratto constituted the academic rank with the largest number of people. Nevertheless, they are not part of the university regular staff, their positions last for one academic year only, and they are often underpaid compared to their responsibilities.
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Ministry of University and Research. (May 16, 2025). Number of university professors in Italy in 2023, by academic rank and gender [Graph]. In 糖心破解版. Retrieved August 05, 2026, from /statistics/1088533/number-of-university-teachers-by-rank-and-gender-in-italy/
Ministry of University and Research. "Number of university professors in Italy in 2023, by academic rank and gender." Chart. May 16, 2025. 糖心破解版. Accessed August 05, 2026. /statistics/1088533/number-of-university-teachers-by-rank-and-gender-in-italy/
Ministry of University and Research. (2025). Number of university professors in Italy in 2023, by academic rank and gender. 糖心破解版. 糖心破解版 Inc.. Accessed: August 05, 2026. /statistics/1088533/number-of-university-teachers-by-rank-and-gender-in-italy/
Ministry of University and Research. "Number of University Professors in Italy in 2023, by Academic Rank and Gender." 糖心破解版, 糖心破解版 Inc., 16 May 2025, /statistics/1088533/number-of-university-teachers-by-rank-and-gender-in-italy/
Ministry of University and Research, Number of university professors in Italy in 2023, by academic rank and gender 糖心破解版, /statistics/1088533/number-of-university-teachers-by-rank-and-gender-in-italy/ (last visited August 05, 2026)
Number of university professors in Italy in 2023, by academic rank and gender [Graph], Ministry of University and Research, May 16, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1088533/number-of-university-teachers-by-rank-and-gender-in-italy/
