A study assessed the emissions generated by the purchase of an average non-food product in Europe. When comparing e-commerce with physical retail, the latter reported by far the highest production of CO2 equivalent emissions ( grams), mainly due to the energy used for the operation of physical premises. Although e-commerce revealed to be more sustainable, last mile delivery was the operation generating the highest emissions, with *** grams of CO2 equivalent gas.
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Oliver Wyman. (June 21, 2021). Breakdown of emissions generated by the average non-food purchase in Europe in 2019, by sales channel (in grams of COâ‚‚ equivalent) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1016797/emissions-of-average-non-food-purchase-europe/
Oliver Wyman. "Breakdown of emissions generated by the average non-food purchase in Europe in 2019, by sales channel (in grams of COâ‚‚ equivalent)." Chart. June 21, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1016797/emissions-of-average-non-food-purchase-europe/
Oliver Wyman. (2021). Breakdown of emissions generated by the average non-food purchase in Europe in 2019, by sales channel (in grams of COâ‚‚ equivalent). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1016797/emissions-of-average-non-food-purchase-europe/
Oliver Wyman. "Breakdown of Emissions Generated by The Average Non-food Purchase in Europe in 2019, by Sales Channel (in Grams of Coâ‚‚ Equivalent)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 21 Jun 2021, /statistics/1016797/emissions-of-average-non-food-purchase-europe/
Oliver Wyman, Breakdown of emissions generated by the average non-food purchase in Europe in 2019, by sales channel (in grams of COâ‚‚ equivalent) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1016797/emissions-of-average-non-food-purchase-europe/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Breakdown of emissions generated by the average non-food purchase in Europe in 2019, by sales channel (in grams of COâ‚‚ equivalent) [Graph], Oliver Wyman, June 21, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1016797/emissions-of-average-non-food-purchase-europe/
