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Race relations in the United States

Statistics report about race relations in the United States

This report presents statistics and facts on race relations in the United States. The report begins with an overview of the discrimination faced by racial minorities in the United States, with further detail provided on income, employment, housing, and health inequalities. The report also includes information on the role of race in education and in law enforcement, crime, and punishment, followed by a concluding section divulging opinions of the American public.

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Table of contents

Racial discrimination in the U.S.

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  • Premium Statistic Share of Americans who feel they belong in the U.S. 2024, by race
  • Premium Statistic Americans' beliefs on why they feel they do not belong/are not accepted 2024, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of adults who experienced racial discrimination or violence U.S. 2020, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of U.S. adults who had negative experiences due to their race or religion 2024
  • Premium Statistic Share of Hispanics discrimination experiences in the U.S. 2021, by skin tone
  • Premium Statistic U.S beliefs on why Asian Americans are less likely to be in high-level positions 2023
  • Premium Statistic Share of Black Americans who reported unfair treatment in select situations 2021
  • Premium Statistic Share of Black adults who see institutional harm against Black people today U.S. 2023
  • Premium Statistic Share of Black adults who experienced discrimination U.S. 2021, by party
  • Premium Statistic Black adults' views on what U.S. institutions are designed to hold them back 2023

Income and employment inequalities

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  • Basic Statistic U.S. employment rate in 2025, by race and ethnicity
  • Basic Statistic Median household income in the U.S. 2024, by race and ethnicity
  • Premium Statistic U.S. mean earnings by educational attainment and ethnicity/race 2023
  • Basic Statistic Hourly wages of different races compared to housing wages in the U.S. 2025, by race
  • Premium Statistic Wage and salary workers: weekly earnings by gender and ethnicity 2025 in the U.S.
  • Premium Statistic Share of people living in low-income households U.S. 2018-22, by race and generation
  • Premium Statistic Percentage of high income households in the U.S. 2002-2024, by race
  • Premium Statistic Perceived opportunities for advancement among higher ed employees U.S. 2021, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of Black adults who say they need more income U.S. 2023, by education level
  • Premium Statistic U.S. adults' beliefs on increasing diversity at work 2023, by race

Race and education

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  • Premium Statistic Number of high school students enrolled in four-year colleges U.S. 2019-2029, by race
  • Premium Statistic Black students who feel discriminated in higher education U.S. 2022, by program
  • Premium Statistic Share of bachelor's students as caregivers or full-time employees U.S. 2022, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of US adults who approve of colleges considering race to improve diversity 2023
  • Premium Statistic Share of Americans who believe college admissions should consider race U.S. 2022
  • Premium Statistic Asian Americans' beliefs on affirmative action U.S. 2023, by party
  • Premium Statistic U.S. views on teaching Asian American experiences in K-12 schools 2024, by party
  • Premium Statistic Parents with select beliefs on how slavery is taught in school U.S. 2022, by party
  • Premium Statistic U.S. preferences for race-related curricula in K-12 schools 2023, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of K-12 students who feel their school respects who they are U.S. 2023, by race

Disparities in housing, health, and medical care

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  • Basic Statistic U.S. homeownership rate 2023, by race
  • Premium Statistic Median mortgage rate in the U.S. 2019-2025, by race
  • Premium Statistic Denial rates for mortgages in the U.S. 2019-2025, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of renters experiencing housing insecurity in the US 2017-2020, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of food secure and insecure individuals in the U.S. 2024, by race and ethnicity
  • Basic Statistic Life expectancy at birth U.S. 2019-2022, by race and Hispanic origin
  • Premium Statistic Share of senior citizens who avoided care due to costs in the U.S. in 2023, by race
  • Basic Statistic COVID-19 and Long COVID death rates in the U.S. in 2021-2022, by race and ethnicity
  • Premium Statistic Stroke death rates among Black and White men in the U.S. 2015-2021
  • Basic Statistic Stroke death rates among Black and White women in the U.S. 2015-2021

Law enforcement, crime, and punishment

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  • Premium Statistic Incarceration rate in the U.S. 2023, by race and gender
  • Premium Statistic Jail incarceration rate U.S. 2022, by race
  • Premium Statistic Number of death row prison inmates 2025, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of Black adults who believe the prison system requires major changes U.S. 2023
  • Premium Statistic Number of hate crime incidents in the U.S. 2024, by bias motivation
  • Premium Statistic Number of hate crime victims in the U.S. 2024, by bias motivation
  • Premium Statistic Number of known race-based hate crime offenders U.S. 2023, by motivation
  • Basic Statistic Rate of fatal police shootings U.S. 2015-2024, by ethnicity
  • Premium Statistic Share of police killings while victim was fleeing U.S. 2015-2022, by race
  • Premium Statistic U.S. views on the impact of widely shared videos of police violence 2023, by party

U.S. opinion

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  • Premium Statistic Americans' beliefs on the problem of racial discrimination in the U.S. 2023, by race
  • Premium Statistic Share of Americans who worry about race relations U.S. 2015-2024
  • Premium Statistic American attitudes towards racial minorities U.S. 2022
  • Premium Statistic Share of adults who see more discrimination against select groups U.S. 2022, by party
  • Premium Statistic Share of people who feel white people are discriminated against by age U.S. 2020
  • Premium Statistic U.S. views on the impact of race or ethnicity on a person's ability to get ahead 2023
  • Premium Statistic U.S. views on the treatment of Black people and White people in society 2023
  • Premium Statistic Share of adults who support the Black Lives Matter movement U.S. 2020-2023
  • Premium Statistic U.S. beliefs on the legacy of slavery still influencing society today 2023, by party
  • Premium Statistic U.S. views on whether race relations have declined over the last five years 2024
  • Premium Statistic Americans' views on the future of race relations in the U.S. 2022
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