* Figures include direct expenditure on R&D only. Figures are based on the budgets of the different ministries, and exclude the investments and cuts from the coalition agreement 2017-2021.
** Provisional figure. *** Figure from the draft proposal. **** Figures from 2020 onwards are estimated budgets.
The figures have been taken from several publications.
Citation formats
Direct government expenditure on R&D as share of GDP in the Netherlands 2016-2023
This statistic displays the government expenditure on Research & Development (R&D) as share of GDP in the Netherlands from 2016 to 2018, with a forecast for 2019 to 2023. In 2018, the direct expenditure on R&D in the Netherlands amounted to roughly *** percent of GDP.
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Rathenau Instituut. (April 15, 2019). Direct government expenditure on Research & Development (R&D) as share of GDP in the Netherlands from 2016 to 2018, with a forecast for 2019 to 2023* [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/866684/direct-government-expenditure-on-randd-as-share-of-gdp-in-the-netherlands/
Rathenau Instituut. "Direct government expenditure on Research & Development (R&D) as share of GDP in the Netherlands from 2016 to 2018, with a forecast for 2019 to 2023*." Chart. April 15, 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/866684/direct-government-expenditure-on-randd-as-share-of-gdp-in-the-netherlands/
Rathenau Instituut. (2019). Direct government expenditure on Research & Development (R&D) as share of GDP in the Netherlands from 2016 to 2018, with a forecast for 2019 to 2023*. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/866684/direct-government-expenditure-on-randd-as-share-of-gdp-in-the-netherlands/
Rathenau Instituut. "Direct Government Expenditure on Research & Development (R&d) as Share of Gdp in The Netherlands from 2016 to 2018, with a Forecast for 2019 to 2023*." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 15 Apr 2019, /statistics/866684/direct-government-expenditure-on-randd-as-share-of-gdp-in-the-netherlands/
Rathenau Instituut, Direct government expenditure on Research & Development (R&D) as share of GDP in the Netherlands from 2016 to 2018, with a forecast for 2019 to 2023* ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/866684/direct-government-expenditure-on-randd-as-share-of-gdp-in-the-netherlands/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Direct government expenditure on Research & Development (R&D) as share of GDP in the Netherlands from 2016 to 2018, with a forecast for 2019 to 2023* [Graph], Rathenau Instituut, April 15, 2019. [Online]. Available: /statistics/866684/direct-government-expenditure-on-randd-as-share-of-gdp-in-the-netherlands/
