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In the last decade or so, the number of coffee shops in the Netherlands generally decreased, from just under *** in 2005 to *** in 2022. Roughly one third of these coffee shops were in the capital, Amsterdam. In 2018, Amsterdam had *** coffee shops, more than any other municipality and more than the other large municipalities Rotterdam, Den Haag, Utrecht, Eindhoven and Tilburg combined.

Locations of coffee shops

   In 2018, there were nearly *** municipalities in the Netherlands, but only *** municipalities also had coffee shops located within their borders. The highest number of coffee shops could be found in municipalities with over ** inhabitants, at nearly *** coffee shops. By comparison, only **** coffee shops were in municipalities not exceeding * citizens.

Purchase channels of cannabis

  The coffee shop is by far the most important purchase channel of cannabis in the Netherlands. A recent survey found that nearly ** percent of recent cannabis users participating had acquired the drugs in a coffee shop. By comparison, just over *** percent recently received cannabis from a dealer at home, and only *** percent bought cannabis from the street or park.