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In the fiscal year 2024, Japan’s expenditures on research and development (R&D) reached approximately **** trillion Japanese yen. R&D spending increased by *** percent compared to the previous fiscal year.

Distribution of R&D spending 

In recent years, most of the R&D spending in Japan has been used for natural sciences such as physical science, engineering science, agricultural science, and health science. Business enterprises have consistently spent over ** percent of Japan's overall R&D expenditure, while tertiary education institutions have spent nearly ** percent. In terms of research subjects, Japan has invested its financial resources most in life sciences and telecommunications.

Researchers

As of March 2024, around ****million researchers were employed in Japan, of which around **** percent were women. The female rate among researchers in the science and technology field has been one of the lowest in Japan compared to other OECD countries. To promote women’s participation in science and research, the Japanese government subsidizes research institutions like universities, covering the labor costs of female researchers.