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As a share of the country’s GDP, China’s average infrastructure spending in 2023 was nearly *** times higher than that of the United States. At **** percent of its GDP, China's investments ranked third globally. North Macedonia and Azerbaijan led the ranking, with investments accounting for more than  percent of their GDP. Investments in Central & Eastern Europe - the CEE region - were relatively higher than those in their Western European counterparts. 

Infrastructure construction and development

The construction industry plays a significant role in most economies. The reason for that is that public investment into essential infrastructure enables the economy to function properly and be well connected. Without transportation and energy infrastructure, which were the two types of infrastructure with the highest construction spending in the U.S., or telecommunication networks, such as 5G base stations, many industries could not perform their activities.

Infrastructure needs

Despite the importance of infrastructure for the well-being of communities, infrastructure investment is subpar in many countries across the world. As of 2020, projected infrastructure spending was estimated to be unable to fulfill spending needs in the United States, where the aging infrastructure is in dire need of repair. Although as seen here, China was the country with high investment in infrastructure relative to its GDP, as of 2019, it also has higher projected infrastructure needs than most regions.