data is composed of the Adult Population Survey and the National Expert Survey
Method of interview
Questionnaire
Supplementary notes
According to early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) is the percentage of adults aged 18–64 who are either a nascent entrepreneurs or owner managers of a new business, i.e. the proportion of the adult population who are either starting or running a new business.
Citation formats
Gender distribution of early-stage entrepreneurs in Europe by country 2023
According to data from the , in 2023, **** percent of the total female population of * and **** percent of the total male population in * were involved in early-stage entrepreneurial activity. is one of the countries in Europe with the most equal distribution of early-stage entrepreneurs (TEA) by gender. No country in Europe has a higher female percentage of TEA and often the female percentage is much lower than those of males.
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GEM. (February 13, 2024). Percentage of population involved in business start-ups in Europe in 2023, by country and gender [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/315773/gender-distribution-of-early-stage-entrepreneurs-in-europe/
GEM. "Percentage of population involved in business start-ups in Europe in 2023, by country and gender." Chart. February 13, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/315773/gender-distribution-of-early-stage-entrepreneurs-in-europe/
GEM. (2024). Percentage of population involved in business start-ups in Europe in 2023, by country and gender. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/315773/gender-distribution-of-early-stage-entrepreneurs-in-europe/
GEM. "Percentage of Population Involved in Business Start-ups in Europe in 2023, by Country and Gender." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 13 Feb 2024, /statistics/315773/gender-distribution-of-early-stage-entrepreneurs-in-europe/
GEM, Percentage of population involved in business start-ups in Europe in 2023, by country and gender ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/315773/gender-distribution-of-early-stage-entrepreneurs-in-europe/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Percentage of population involved in business start-ups in Europe in 2023, by country and gender [Graph], GEM, February 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/315773/gender-distribution-of-early-stage-entrepreneurs-in-europe/
