In 2025, the majority of global organizations viewed sovereign artificial intelligence (AI) solutions as 10 to 30 percent **** across different layers when compared to a nonsovereign one. Total cost of ownership (TCO) for the connectivity layer increased by 10 percent, as answered by ** percent of respondents.
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McKinsey & Company. (March 3, 2026). Total cost of ownership (TCO) change of sovereign artificial intelligence (AI) solutions as compared with nonsovereign in 2025, by tech stack layer [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1661704/tco-change-of-sovereign-ai-solutions-by-tech-stack-layer/
McKinsey & Company. "Total cost of ownership (TCO) change of sovereign artificial intelligence (AI) solutions as compared with nonsovereign in 2025, by tech stack layer." Chart. March 3, 2026. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1661704/tco-change-of-sovereign-ai-solutions-by-tech-stack-layer/
McKinsey & Company. (2026). Total cost of ownership (TCO) change of sovereign artificial intelligence (AI) solutions as compared with nonsovereign in 2025, by tech stack layer. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1661704/tco-change-of-sovereign-ai-solutions-by-tech-stack-layer/
McKinsey & Company. "Total Cost of Ownership (Tco) Change of Sovereign Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Solutions as Compared with Nonsovereign in 2025, by Tech Stack Layer." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 3 Mar 2026, /statistics/1661704/tco-change-of-sovereign-ai-solutions-by-tech-stack-layer/
McKinsey & Company, Total cost of ownership (TCO) change of sovereign artificial intelligence (AI) solutions as compared with nonsovereign in 2025, by tech stack layer ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1661704/tco-change-of-sovereign-ai-solutions-by-tech-stack-layer/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Total cost of ownership (TCO) change of sovereign artificial intelligence (AI) solutions as compared with nonsovereign in 2025, by tech stack layer [Graph], McKinsey & Company, March 3, 2026. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1661704/tco-change-of-sovereign-ai-solutions-by-tech-stack-layer/
