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* Forecasts. Forecasts are the result of a combination of multiple data sets from both internal (primary) and external (secondary) sources. While primary data is generated through ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ's own surveys such as the Global Consumer Survey , secondary source data is mainly obtained from international institutions (such as the IMF, the World Bank, or the United Nations), national statistical offices, trade associations, or specialized press. These data sets are often incomplete, as there may be gaps between survey years or reliable information may not be available for a specific indicator in a given country or region. Missing years' data is obtained using various statistical methods, such as linear or exponential interpolation or cubic splines. Missing countries' or regions' data is added considering known information from other countries or regions deemed similar through analyses like k-means or similar procedures.
Most indicators are composites of multiple sources with slightly varying methodologies that have been processed by our analysts to be aligned and consistent with each other and with all other indicators in the KMI database. As new data becomes available or methodologies are modified to adapt to changing requirements, data may no longer be comparable with previously published data or may be retroactively adjusted according to new definitions. Due to the high degree of processing, a specific external source cannot be named for each data point, and all historical year data (generally up to the last completed year before the current one) should be considered ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ estimates. Future years are mainly ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ projections made using regression analysis, exponential trend smoothing (ETS), or similar techniques and extrapolate the historical trend found.