In 2024, Egypt’s research and development (R&D) expenditure accounted for **** percent of its GDP. This marked a slight decrease of **** percentage points compared to the previous year, and a more substantial rise of **** percentage points since 2004. Over the observed period, the R&D share experienced minor fluctuations but showed an overall upward trend.
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World Bank. (April 8, 2026). Research and development expenditure as a share of the gross domestic product in Egypt from 2004 to 2024 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 28, 2026, from /statistics/1624739/research-and-development-expenditure-as-share-of-gdp-in-egypt/
World Bank. "Research and development expenditure as a share of the gross domestic product in Egypt from 2004 to 2024." Chart. April 8, 2026. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 28, 2026. /statistics/1624739/research-and-development-expenditure-as-share-of-gdp-in-egypt/
World Bank. (2026). Research and development expenditure as a share of the gross domestic product in Egypt from 2004 to 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2026. /statistics/1624739/research-and-development-expenditure-as-share-of-gdp-in-egypt/
World Bank. "Research and Development Expenditure as a Share of The Gross Domestic Product in Egypt from 2004 to 2024." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 8 Apr 2026, /statistics/1624739/research-and-development-expenditure-as-share-of-gdp-in-egypt/
World Bank, Research and development expenditure as a share of the gross domestic product in Egypt from 2004 to 2024 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1624739/research-and-development-expenditure-as-share-of-gdp-in-egypt/ (last visited July 28, 2026)
Research and development expenditure as a share of the gross domestic product in Egypt from 2004 to 2024 [Graph], World Bank, April 8, 2026. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1624739/research-and-development-expenditure-as-share-of-gdp-in-egypt/
