For solar PV and batteries, costs relate only to the last manufacturing step, with components such as cathodes or PV cells assumed to be imported from China. For the other clean technologies and materials, production is fully local.
Costs shown here are exclusive of explicit financial support (e.g. tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act), but may include financial support embedded in individual cost components (e.g. fossil fuel subsidies).
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Cleantech manufacturing cost difference in the U.S. vs China 2023, by technology
China is currently a cheaper location than the United States for manufacturing most clean energy technologies. As of 2023, it was around ** percent more expensive manufacturing solar PV modules and wind turbines in the U.S. than it was in China, and around ** percent more expensive to manufacture electrolyzers. There are a variety of factors that affect clean technology manufacturing costs, such as labor costs, energy costs, and component and material costs.
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IEA. (October 30, 2024). Difference in the levelized cost of production of selected clean energy technologies in the United States compared to China in 2023 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 19, 2026, from /statistics/1611868/us-v-china-cleantech-manufacturing-cost-comparisons/
IEA. "Difference in the levelized cost of production of selected clean energy technologies in the United States compared to China in 2023." Chart. October 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 19, 2026. /statistics/1611868/us-v-china-cleantech-manufacturing-cost-comparisons/
IEA. (2024). Difference in the levelized cost of production of selected clean energy technologies in the United States compared to China in 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 19, 2026. /statistics/1611868/us-v-china-cleantech-manufacturing-cost-comparisons/
IEA. "Difference in The Levelized Cost of Production of Selected Clean Energy Technologies in The United States Compared to China in 2023." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Oct 2024, /statistics/1611868/us-v-china-cleantech-manufacturing-cost-comparisons/
IEA, Difference in the levelized cost of production of selected clean energy technologies in the United States compared to China in 2023 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1611868/us-v-china-cleantech-manufacturing-cost-comparisons/ (last visited July 19, 2026)
Difference in the levelized cost of production of selected clean energy technologies in the United States compared to China in 2023 [Graph], IEA, October 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1611868/us-v-china-cleantech-manufacturing-cost-comparisons/
