As of 2023, in all OECD countries, the average earnings of women with income from employment were always lower than those of men, regardless of educational attainment. For instance, in Italy, the average earnings of women who graduated with tertiary education represented ** percent of men's average earnings.
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OECD. (September 9, 2025). Women’s average earnings as a percentage of men's earnings for full-time and full-year workers in OECD countries by educational attainment in 2023 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/1610154/womens-average-earnings-as-a-percentage-of-men-s-earnings-in-oecd-countries/
OECD. "Women’s average earnings as a percentage of men's earnings for full-time and full-year workers in OECD countries by educational attainment in 2023." Chart. September 9, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/1610154/womens-average-earnings-as-a-percentage-of-men-s-earnings-in-oecd-countries/
OECD. (2025). Women’s average earnings as a percentage of men's earnings for full-time and full-year workers in OECD countries by educational attainment in 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/1610154/womens-average-earnings-as-a-percentage-of-men-s-earnings-in-oecd-countries/
OECD. "Women’s Average Earnings as a Percentage of Men's Earnings for Full-time and Full-year Workers in Oecd Countries by Educational Attainment in 2023." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 9 Sep 2025, /statistics/1610154/womens-average-earnings-as-a-percentage-of-men-s-earnings-in-oecd-countries/
OECD, Women’s average earnings as a percentage of men's earnings for full-time and full-year workers in OECD countries by educational attainment in 2023 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1610154/womens-average-earnings-as-a-percentage-of-men-s-earnings-in-oecd-countries/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Women’s average earnings as a percentage of men's earnings for full-time and full-year workers in OECD countries by educational attainment in 2023 [Graph], OECD, September 9, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1610154/womens-average-earnings-as-a-percentage-of-men-s-earnings-in-oecd-countries/
