Michel Rocard was the Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic who made the most use of the 49.3 article; indeed, he used it ** times. The controversial article of the Constitution allows the Prime Minister to assume the government's responsibility and adopt reforms without facing a vote in Parliament. For instance, Elisabeth Borne was heavily criticized by opposition parties and the French public when she used the article to pass the 2023 pension reform.
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Vie publique. (February 6, 2025). Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2025, by Prime Minister [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique. "Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2025, by Prime Minister ." Chart. February 6, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique. (2025). Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2025, by Prime Minister . ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique. "Number of times That Article 49.3 Was Used in The National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2025, by Prime Minister ." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 6 Feb 2025, /statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique, Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2025, by Prime Minister ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2025, by Prime Minister [Graph], Vie publique, February 6, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
