In December 2023, the surface air temperature anomaly in Europe was ****°C, relative to the **** average for that month. That December was ****°C colder than December 2019, Europe's hottest end of the year on record, when the temperature anomaly surpassed ***°°ä.
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European Commission (Copernicus). (January 16, 2024). Surface air temperature anomalies in Europe in December from 1979 to 2023 (in degrees Celsius) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1445464/european-surface-air-temperature-anomaly-december/
European Commission (Copernicus). "Surface air temperature anomalies in Europe in December from 1979 to 2023 (in degrees Celsius) ." Chart. January 16, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1445464/european-surface-air-temperature-anomaly-december/
European Commission (Copernicus). (2024). Surface air temperature anomalies in Europe in December from 1979 to 2023 (in degrees Celsius) . ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1445464/european-surface-air-temperature-anomaly-december/
European Commission (Copernicus). "Surface Air Temperature Anomalies in Europe in December from 1979 to 2023 (in Degrees Celsius) ." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 16 Jan 2024, /statistics/1445464/european-surface-air-temperature-anomaly-december/
European Commission (Copernicus), Surface air temperature anomalies in Europe in December from 1979 to 2023 (in degrees Celsius) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1445464/european-surface-air-temperature-anomaly-december/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Surface air temperature anomalies in Europe in December from 1979 to 2023 (in degrees Celsius) [Graph], European Commission (Copernicus), January 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1445464/european-surface-air-temperature-anomaly-december/
