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The European Skills Index (ESI) is a composite indicator which measures European countries' skill formation systems on a scale from 0 to 100, where 100 represents the ideal performance of a country's skill system. European countries' skill formation systems are measured across three pillars: skills development (education and training), skills activation (transition from education to work; labor market participation), and skills matching (degree of successful activation of skills; matching of skills with positions). 

As of 2024, , and ** are the three European countries which were ranked the highest on their skill formation systems according to the ESI. On the other hand, the southern European countries of , * and * were ranked the lowest according to the index.