The source states the following: "This is an understatement of the true out-of-pocket payments that members incur as it is likely that medical schemes do not fully capture and submit all costs associated with seeking healthcare."
MSA stands for medical savings accounts.
Conversion as of 8/3/2023: one dollar = 18.56 rand.
Citation formats
Out-of-pocket medical scheme payments in South Africa 2021, by discipline
As of 2021, total hospital expenses contributed the most to out-of-pocket payments incurred by members of medical schemes in South Africa, with an outlay of around **** billion South African rand ( million U.S. dollars). However, dentists constituted the largest proportion of expenditure paid from medical savings accounts (MSAs), with **** billion South African rand (approximately million U.S. dollars).
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Council for Medical Schemes. (July 21, 2023). Out-of-pocket medical scheme payments in South Africa in 2021, by discipline (in South African million rand) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 05, 2026, from /statistics/1403309/out-of-pocket-medical-scheme-payments-in-south-africa-by-discipline/
Council for Medical Schemes. "Out-of-pocket medical scheme payments in South Africa in 2021, by discipline (in South African million rand)." Chart. July 21, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 05, 2026. /statistics/1403309/out-of-pocket-medical-scheme-payments-in-south-africa-by-discipline/
Council for Medical Schemes. (2023). Out-of-pocket medical scheme payments in South Africa in 2021, by discipline (in South African million rand). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 05, 2026. /statistics/1403309/out-of-pocket-medical-scheme-payments-in-south-africa-by-discipline/
Council for Medical Schemes. "Out-of-pocket Medical Scheme Payments in South Africa in 2021, by Discipline (in South African Million Rand)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 21 Jul 2023, /statistics/1403309/out-of-pocket-medical-scheme-payments-in-south-africa-by-discipline/
Council for Medical Schemes, Out-of-pocket medical scheme payments in South Africa in 2021, by discipline (in South African million rand) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1403309/out-of-pocket-medical-scheme-payments-in-south-africa-by-discipline/ (last visited August 05, 2026)
Out-of-pocket medical scheme payments in South Africa in 2021, by discipline (in South African million rand) [Graph], Council for Medical Schemes, July 21, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1403309/out-of-pocket-medical-scheme-payments-in-south-africa-by-discipline/
