For the forecast between 2021 to 2040, certain price assumptions were made as stated below:
A barrel of oil costs 30 U.S. dollars
A British thermal unit for natural gas costs 1.50 million U.S. dollars
A metric ton of coal costs 40 U.S. dollars
Citation formats
Global cumulative real revenue from fossil fuels 1999-2040, by fuel type
From 1999 to 2018, the cumulative real revenue of global crude oil production amounted to nearly *** trillion U.S. dollars. In the Net Zero scenario, crude oil's real revenue between 2021 and 2040 is forecast to reach **** trillion U.S. dollars.
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IMF. (October 6, 2021). Cumulative real revenue from fossil fuels worldwide from 1999 to 2018, with a forecast for 2021 to 2040, by fuel type (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 01, 2026, from /statistics/1318538/global-cumulative-revenue-fossil-fuels/
IMF. "Cumulative real revenue from fossil fuels worldwide from 1999 to 2018, with a forecast for 2021 to 2040, by fuel type (in billion U.S. dollars)." Chart. October 6, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 01, 2026. /statistics/1318538/global-cumulative-revenue-fossil-fuels/
IMF. (2021). Cumulative real revenue from fossil fuels worldwide from 1999 to 2018, with a forecast for 2021 to 2040, by fuel type (in billion U.S. dollars). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 01, 2026. /statistics/1318538/global-cumulative-revenue-fossil-fuels/
IMF. "Cumulative Real Revenue from Fossil Fuels Worldwide from 1999 to 2018, with a Forecast for 2021 to 2040, by Fuel Type (in Billion U.S. Dollars)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 6 Oct 2021, /statistics/1318538/global-cumulative-revenue-fossil-fuels/
IMF, Cumulative real revenue from fossil fuels worldwide from 1999 to 2018, with a forecast for 2021 to 2040, by fuel type (in billion U.S. dollars) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1318538/global-cumulative-revenue-fossil-fuels/ (last visited August 01, 2026)
Cumulative real revenue from fossil fuels worldwide from 1999 to 2018, with a forecast for 2021 to 2040, by fuel type (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph], IMF, October 6, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1318538/global-cumulative-revenue-fossil-fuels/
