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As of mid-2025, the estimated total population in Egypt corresponded to almost 108 million. The capital city, Cairo, was the most populated area in the country, with 10.43 million residents. It was followed by the governorate of Giza, with up to 9.8 million people living in the area. On the other hand, South Sinai was the least inhabited governorate in the nation. The touristic region had a mere 120,000 people actively residing in the governorate.

A scarcely populated area and a populous capital

Egypt has a total area of close to 1.01 million square kilometers. Yet, only around 105,200 square kilometers of the country are inhabited, representing only around 10.5 percent of the available landmass. Most of the Egyptian population lives along the Nile River due to the majority of the land being desert. In fact, El Wadi ElGidid, also known as New Valley governorate, located in the south of Egypt's Western Desert, covers almost 42.3 percent of the country. Notably, the population density in Cairo was higher compared to the other governorates at over 5,610 people per square kilometer.

Population growth and a New Administrative Capital

  Since 1980, the country’s population has faced a rapid increase, growing from close to 40.6 million to its current levels of nearly 108 million. Between 1993 and 2025, the population growth of Egypt was highest in 2013 at nearly 2.31 percent, dropping yearly ever since. In March 2015, Egypt’s current Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly, who was at that time Minister of Housing and Urban Utilities, announced the establishment of the New Administrative Capital. One of the fundamental goals is to decrease the current overpopulation in Greater Cairo and its inability to absorb a fast-growing population.