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The infant mortality rate in Egypt, the rate of mortality for children under the age of one, was 249 deaths per thousand live births in 1955; this meant that roughly one quarter of all Egyptian babies born in the early 1950s did not make it to their first birthday. As Egypt entered the second half of the 20th century, infant mortality, like many health issues in Egypt, saw a sharp decline following the implementation of universal healthcare by the new Egyptian republic, established in 1952. The decline continued steadily, before slowing in the beginning of the 21^st century. By 2020, the infant mortality rate is estimated to be under 16 deaths per 1,000 live births.